Ask a hundred or a thousand Southerners (and others across the United States) why black eyed peas and collard greens must be eaten on New Years Day, and you will get a variety of answers. Traditions change and morph over the years, but there is no doubt that eating black eye peas and greens is a truth held sacred by many including those who would never touch either a black eyed pea or a collard green at any other time of the year.
The Basic Story on Black Eyed Peas and Collards for the New Year
The way it gets told most times down South is that families must cook, serve, and eat some black eyed peas and greens on the first day to ensure good luck and prosperity. Most often, it’s said that the black eyed peas bring luck while the greens (being green) mean more money.
The most classic combination of beans and greens would be the black eyed peas and collard greens – both quite popular in the South. There are variations though, some families may find luck in lentils for example and more greenbacks with other versions of greens like spinach. And, in the deep South, Hoppin’ John may be the pea dish over black eyed peas cooked with a ham hock.
There are some minor variations as well including things like each family member must eat 365 black eyed peas or risk bad luck on one, some, or all days of the year not covered by a New Years black eyed pea. Most often, and fortunately for those who do not like legumes, most families call it good if even one black eyed pea is consumed before the end of the first day of the year.
Where Did This Strange (to Some) Southern Food Tradition Originate?
You’ll find as many tales as stars in the sky to explain why black eyed peas and collards are the dishes to eat on New Years Day. Many of the stories seem credible, but frankly it’s hard to say why and how the tradition started.
There are stories that slaves in the United States were sold en mass on New Years Day and that the peas brought luck in staying in one place or being sold as a family. But, that does not account for the prosperity (greens – money) which seems to favor the slave-owners.
There are also stories that American slaves stayed up on December 31, 1862 waiting for the bill that President Abraham Lincoln signed - the Emancipation Proclamation – to go into effect. They celebrated with what they had – black eyed peas, greens, and fat back.
Since the black eyed pea and greens tradition is shared across cultural and ethnic boundaries, it seems more likely that black eyed peas which keep well when dried and collards which are seasonal in the South in December/January made sense for a New Year meal. In addition, these dishes combined protein and vegetables for the balance that could often be lacking in diets of those who were not in the wealthy class. And, both were plentiful and cheap plus could be very tasty when cooked Southern style.
What are the Rules Today to Get Luck and Wealth on New Years Day?
If you want to get real technical and traditional, the best luck and wealth might come from raw black eyed peas cooked with a ham bone and fresh collards washed of the grit and cooked long and slow until limp and oh so yummy.
Traditions do change over time, so dried, frozen, or even canned black eyed peas are just fine. Same with the collard greens. You can even switch up the greens is collards are not available in your area. Spinach is a healthy green, and Popeye swore by spinach. Can’t go wrong there.
After the feast-a-thon that is Thanksgiving and Christmas, black eyed peas and greens can be a very healthy way to start the new year. Now, peas and greens can be doctored up and sure do taste good with pork fat and bacon grease, but some hot sauces which often do not have much (if any) fat can be used to add flavor.
Many families in the South today have Honey Baked Ham and Homemade Cornbread to go with black eyed peas and greens. And, a heck of a lot of folks buy canned black eyed peas and greens for a token spin at the lottery of life. In the end, it’s all about having a good time, a good meal, and some time with the family and friends.
Wishing you all a prosperity and lots of good luck in 2011!!!